Abstract: As with many other molecular agents that are involved in multiple aspects of cellular processes, E2F1 plays a dual role of cellular proliferation and apoptosis. How to take advantage of the apoptosis induction and sensitization properties of E2F1 for therapeutic purposes while minimizing its other properties has a significant bearing on how to turn a functionally complex molecule such as E2F1 into a drug target. ... Read more

Abstract: Neutrophils are important, expedient front-line "soldiers" in fighting against bacterial infection. In sepsis, the overwhelming immune response to bacterial infection precipitates systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. Neutrophils release many lysis-inducing factors and cause local tissue damage, and neutrophils themselves became a target in controlling sepsis. ... Read more

Abstract: Apoptosis is a ubiquitous, highly coordinated process of self-destruction. Conventional cancer therapeutic agents can cause, to a certain degree, apoptosis of cancer cells. However, they do so in an indiscriminate manner leading to unacceptable side effects. Strategies of selectively activating apoptosis of cancer cells are described. ... Read more

Abstract: DNA vaccines generate both T cell and B cell (or antibody) mediated immunities. Methods such as prime-boost regimens and the use of adjuvants in combination with the DNA vaccine have enhanced the therapeutic effectiveness of DNA vaccines in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, asthma, and other conditions. ... Read more

Abstract: The gene encoding dystrophin, which is altered in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is one of the largest in mammalian species. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the smallest viral gene delivery vector with a "cargo" capacity of 6 kb and is the most effective gene delivery vehicle to muscle cells. Overlapping and trans-splicing AAV vector approaches are devised to do the "impossible." ... Read more